Movie Review Movie - 3220 Words

SENTIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MOVIE REVIEWS Final Year Project Report Submitted by VARUN BHAU WALA (A003) CHIRAG BEND ALE (A007) DHRUV MEHTA (A063) Under the guidance of Prof. ANSHUL GUPTA in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of B.Tech INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY At Department of Information Technology Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering NMIMS (Deemed –to-be university) JVPD Scheme Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400 056 APRIL, 2015 2 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled â€Å"SENTIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MOVIE REVIEWSâ€Å" is the bonafide work carried out by VARUN BHAUWALA, CHIRAG BENDALE, DHRUV MEHTA of B.Tech (IT), MPSTME, Mumbai, during the VIII Semester of the academic year 2014-2015, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelors of Technology as per norms prescribed by NMIMS. The project work has been assessed and found to be satisfactory. (Signature of Internal Mentor) (Signature of External Examiner) Name:Prof.Anshul gupta Name: Designation: Assistant Professor Designation: HOD (IT) Dean (Prof. Vijay Raisinghani) (Dr. Sharad Y. Mhaiskar) 3 DECLARATION We, VARUN BHAUWALA, CHIRAG BENDALE, DHRUV MEHTA, roll numbers: A003, A007, A063 respectively, understand that plagiarism is defined as any one or the combination of the following: 1. Uncredited verbatim copying of individual sentences, paragraphs or illustrations (such as graphs, diagrams, etc.) from any source, published orShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 Pagesof television in order for films to compete with television, movies needed more than a new shape and new sound; they needed to present material that could not be found on the small screen. 1968 was a pivotal year in American history. The voluntary movie rating system that was introduced that year finally put to rest the motion picture production code, which had hamstrung the filmmakers throughout the sound era, and it completely changed the look and sound of American cinema, making possible more adultRead MoreMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 Pagesof television in order for films to compete with television, movies needed more than a new shape and new sound; they needed to present material that could not be found on the small screen. 1968 was a pivotal year in American history. The voluntary movie rating system that was introduced that year finally put to rest the motion picture production code, which had hamstrung the filmmakers throughout the sound era, and it completely changed the look and sound of American cinema, making possible more adultRead MoreMovie Review : Pirates Of The Caribbean On Stranger Tides 1914 Words   |  8 Pages504563970 Professor Jonathan Kuntz TA, M. M. Reinhard Research Paper 2 B-MOVIES: THE SECONDARY PRODUCTION Hollywood today spends more money on movies than ever before, with an average budget of $140 million per movie. ‘Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides’; the most expensive movie ever made; cost approximately $378.5 million and that was five years ago. This isn’t surprising since history is witness to a rising trend in money spent on movies, however, even after adjusting for inflation, theirRead MoreMovie Review : Movie 1301 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Review The story follows a precinct of the Port Authority police on what was to be a regular shift on September 11, 2001. While patrolling the Port Authority Bus Terminal, John and Will saw a plane flying low. The officers are called back to the station where they see on TV, the North Tower of the World Trade Center has been hit by a plane. Sergeant McLoughlin assigns officers to assist in the evacuation of the South Tower. The officers board a Metropolitan Transit bus. On the way to theRead MoreMovie Review : Movie 1894 Words   |  8 PagesAs soon as the movie starts, the camera is focused on the infant crying with all the mise-en- scene around him/her. Which the mise-en-scene here is all the trash bags and all the children returning home from school. In other words, the baby is left alone which rises a concern in the audience in why is infant left alone on the floor next to all these trash bags. Later, the camera starts zooming out from the infant and that establishes the theme of the movie. The theme that people would agree on forRead MoreMovie Review : The Movie Trailer2143 Words   |  9 Pages The movie trailer which will be analyzed in this essay is titled â€Å"Furious 7† or otherwise known as â€Å"Fast and Furious 7†. It is part of the Fast and Furious film series. The movie is due to be released April 3rd 2015. Movies all have different characteristics that follow a certain genre. Genre can be defined as â€Å"groups of texts that share a set of conventional characteristics such as content, narrative structure and visual style are classified as textual types or genres.† (O’Shaugnessy and StadlerRead MoreMovie Review : Movie Analysis Of The Movie The Patriot853 Words   |  4 Pagesfair for the other people who don’t have any land at all. In the movie, â€Å"The Patriot†, the setting took place during the Revolutionary War, or the American Revolution, in South Carolina during the late 1770’s. The British were fighting the colonists at that time and one major character in the movie, named Benjamin Martin, fought during the American Revolution. Later, the Americans won their independence in 1781. First of all, this movie is called â€Å"The Patriot† because the Americans were loyal to theirRead MoreMovie Review Of Mulan 761 Words   |  4 PagesTyra Banks Mrs. Shields ENGL 101-38 17 September 2017 Film Review: Mulan An animated Disney movie called Mulan, was directed by Tony Bancroft and Barry Cook in 1998. The moral of the story is that women can be just the same as men can. I support the general meaning of the movie. I believe men that and women should be treated equally and that women should not be seen as weak or frail. Women are more than just wives or slaves and can-do jobs that have traditionally been set-aside for men. They canRead MoreMovie Review : Hamlet 817 Words   |  4 PagesAbbegail Feasel Mrs.Martin English 11 22 February 2016 Hamlet: Movie Review It would be hard to argue the fact that William Shakespeare is one of the greatest contributors to modern English as we know it, his plays and sonnets have been turned into movies, books, and music as well as translated into virtually every language. With that being said, one of his most famous plays is Hamlet. Many movies were based off of this play and a very popular one is Hamlet directed by Franco Zeffirelli. This dramaRead MoreMovie Review Cleopatra2277 Words   |  10 PagesMovie Review of â€Å"Cleopatra† The legendary story of Cleopatra has endured for over two thousand years. Joseph L. Mankiewicz’s 1963 epic movie, â€Å"Cleopatra†, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison and Richtard Burton depicts the end of Ancient Egypt’s Ptolemaic dynasty with the fall of Cleopatra. Cleopatra was in fact the last of the great the pharaohs of Egypt and it can be said that she was as famous as Elizabeth Taylor who had been chosen to portray the fascinating ruler. Cleopatra was an intelligent

Republican Presidential Candidate Donald Trump - 985 Words

While republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has many different policies planned under the category of â€Å"immigration†, one specific policy stands tall among the rest. When announcing his run for the presidency, Mr. Trump announced that he would deport all illegal immigrant criminals and build a wall (specifically on the southern border) to protect the American citizens from any more illegals. Trump stated on the matter, â€Å"If they ve had a bad record, if they ve been arrested, if they ve been in jail, they re never coming back. Right now, we don t have a country, we don t have a border, and we re going to do something about it.† Originally, this notion was met by much controversy from the media, the general public, and other interest groups. But, then a young American woman was shot and killed in California by an undocumented immigrant. According to immigration officials, this illegal immigrant was said to have been deported five times already and was a k nown felon. The specifics of this tragedy seemed to be the catalyst by which Mr. Trump’s popularity grew among many Americans and his plan for a border wall has become a sort of signature for his campaign. Despite the backlash he has received from the media and other established politicians, the ‘average American’ seems to be rooting for this billionaire businessman. Also, the perceived disconnect he might have from the middle and working class, due to his wealth and status, has not evidently affected hisShow MoreRelatedCurrent Events Journal Of Hillary Clinton s Poll Numbers1527 Words   |  7 Pagesnytimes.com/2016/10/01/us/politics/presidential-election-polls.html?ref=politics B) Following a good performance in Monday night’s debate, Hillary Clinton’s poll numbers have risen in a number of key states. First, in a poll taken in Florida after the debate by Mason-Dixon polling and research, Clinton held a 46 percent to 42 percent advantage over Donald Trump, which was significant given that a New York Times Upshot/Siena College poll had shown that the candidates were virtually even in the stateRead MorePresidential Candidates And Their Policies1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe 2016 Presidential Candidates and their Policies Of the many Presidential Candidates that America has for the 2016 Presidential Election, there are those who have national television coverage and those whose names haven’t been announced to the world. Two candidates that have been climbing up the voting latter for their respective parties are the Democratic Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders who is currently said to be trailing closely behind the front-runner Hillary Clinton (The HuffingtonRead MoreAnalysis Of The 2016 Republican Primaries, Donald Trump And Dr. Ben Carson993 Words   |  4 PagesFrontrunners in the 2016 Republican Primaries One of the decisions that many people currently encounter is choosing which Presidential Candidate to support. This decision is often a defining factor for many people in American society. The Primaries can become more of a dividing point with so many candidates and the lack of research into political stances. While neither of the two front-runners in the Republican Primaries, Donald Trump and Dr. Ben Carson, seems like a typical politician, they haveRead MoreThe Greatest Leader Of The United States 2016 Election Year After College999 Words   |  4 Pagesshortly approaches candidates everywhere are trying to be seen as great leaders to the people. One of the main ways candidates do this is by campaigning, which involved going to speeches, going to philanthropic events, and coming up with creative ways to advertise. Donald J. Trump a businessman turning politician is one of the head candidates for the National Republican Party, and according to the Washington Post is becoming a better looking candidate everyday (Milbank). Trump worked for his father’sRead MoreThe Election Of Our New President1164 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion is, are you ready for the election of our new president? The head to head campaign between the republican and Democratic Party has just begun. From vast dissertation about lead republican delegate Donald Trump with four hundred sixty votes, to continuously asked questions about lead democrat Hillary Clinton with one thousand two hundred thirty one votes, America is yet to know what candidate will lead our country. Who will you vote for? The debate for the election of our new president, forRead MoreAnalysis Of Gallup Polls Surveys704 Words   |  3 Pagesoff-election years. However, Gallup Polls surveys, conducted face-to-face from 1953 to 1995, provided â€Å"no evidence that party identification surges during presidential [or off] election years†. These surveys in both the short and long term attests to the fact that party identification is extremely stable for voters, regardless of the presence of a presidential election year. While it may be possible that partisans vote against their own party, the probability of partisans voting for their party is extremelyRead MoreThe Debate Over The Presidential Election956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ongoing controversy about the 2016 Presidential Election is what has been sparking conversations worldwide. The disrespectful and unprofessional behavior that the candidates have shown has left a bad impression on many citizens of the United States of America. The Republic ans as well as the Democrats have been going head to head since the campaign began. Though mainly the Republican candidates such as Ted Cruz, John Kasich and the infamous Donald Trump have been the most vocal and displayed theRead MoreThe Republicans Are Not Very Happy With Donald Trump856 Words   |  4 PagesWill the Republican Party, as its presidential candidate, nominate Donald Trump? No, the Republicans are not very happy with Donald Trump. Actually, they will do anything as to even map out a strategy to sabotage him. With Donald Trump in the lead, there was tightening grip at the Republicans presidential nominees while Donald Trump was running against Ted Cruz. No matter how the Republican Presidential primary unfolds from here all the party operatives are after him. Since March, Donald Trump has beenRead MoreCan Donald Trump Really President?1280 Words   |  6 PagesCan Donald Trump Actually Become President? By Lauren Johnson A question that seems to keep showing up these days is â€Å"can Donald Trump actually become president?† Most people seem to be finding the presidential race this year really interesting and Trump is a candidate who is doing much better than most people thought possible. I really wonder if there’s a chance this guy could win. After researching the topic I’ve concluded that yes, Donald Trump can become president of the United States. 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The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Free Essays

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Robert Wiene, the director of the film, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, combines fact and fiction in his expressionist film in effort to captivate his viewers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari or any similar topic only for you Order Now This film portrays the element of fantasy in that it has an imaginary realm. The film breaks the rules of realism. In the story everything is crooked and all the sets are painted. The people with authority are revealed in exaggerated high chairs; for example the police is shown sitting on one of the high chairs in the police station. Francis first turns away from reality after Allen has been murdered because of the psychological pain it causes. In order to cope with this, Francis fantasizes that he is not the target of blame for his best friend’s murder by blaming Dr. Calgari. His fantasy extends to a point where he is seen as the hero by challenging Dr. Caligari and Cesare. Later on in the film, it is discovered that the dream work that Francis’s unconscious mind uses to produce this story is related to the Freudian dream analysis; he mechanisms and symbols to produce his fantasy. In addition, Dr. Caligari and Cesare are not real people; they are fragments of Francis’ imagination and serve as objects used to place blame upon. The films ambiguous ending leaves the validity of Francis’ story unknown because his illness is not explicitly confirmed. However, the Freudian theory shows that Francis has fantasized the entire story to satisfy his guilty mind. How to cite The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Papers

Market Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco Industry free essay sample

The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355 and 16,580 full-time equivalent jobs (the range depends on the labor requirements per hectare), which is just a fraction of one percent of the total labor force (0. 08-0. 25%). Employment in tobacco manufacturing has fallen since 1990, from 6-7% of all manufacturing employment to 4-5% (the lower number refers to employment, the higher number also includes others engaged in the sector). Production volumes were fairly steady averaging around 5. billion sticks between 1995 and 1999, with a marked fall to 4. 6 billion in 2000. An estimated approximately 3 billion bidis are produced annually as well. There is no information on illegal production of so-called white cigarettes†. Average salaries and wages in the tobacco industry are about half the level for all manufacturing, and have fallen slightly in real terms during the 1990s. Manufacturing sector indirect tobacco employment is estimated to be small, of the order of 150 people. There are about 41,000 retailers that sell tobacco products, which typically account for only a small part of heir total turnover. The Sri Lankan tobacco industry is dominated by the Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC). The holding company of CTC is the British American Tobacco Company (BAT). BAT is the second largest tobacco company in the world. That is more or less a monopolistic situation in the island by the CTC. CTC contributed Rs. 31. 9 billion to the national economy of Sri Lanka in 2005. The increase of 14% over 2004 is mainly attributed to the increased excise rates on cigarettes and raids carried out by law enforcement authorities to minimize the presence of smuggled and illicit cigarettes in the market. The Company’s contribution totals 9. 5% of the country’s total revenue and 1. 49% of GDP. Sri Lanka continues to have the highest rate of taxation in the world on cigarettes at 80%. Export values of raw and manufactured tobacco have fallen, making Sri Lanka a net importer in tobacco trade, with a corresponding outflow of foreign exchange. 2. 0Sri Lankan Tobacco Market Structure Analysis Porter’s five forces model has been used to analyze the Sri Lankan tobacco market structure. Potential entrances †¢High due to high economies of scale. CTC produces in large scale of cigarettes where unit cost per stick has dramatically reduced. So new entrance cannot afford to offer this low price as CTC. †¢High product differentiation due to product branding. CTC offers various world class products such as Dunhill, John Player Gold Leaf and Benson Hedges. †¢Legal regularity government barriers. Banning of smoking in public places such as pubs, restaurants, public transports and all enclosed work places. Banned advertisement on television, radio, news papers and bill boards. High tax imposed by government that is more than 80% per stick. Furthermore the government policies such as â€Å"Mahinda Chinthanaya† are enforced to reduce the consumption of cigarettes. Bargaining power of buyers †¢Bargaining power buyers are more less reason being because it is a habitual product and more addictive. †¢On the other hand consumers show high brand loyalty. For example Gold Leaf smokers would consume same brand only. †¢Although the increase in taxes was passed on to the customers, demand for tobacco remained relatively high. Cigarettes distributed through very wide range of retail outlets, none with significant clout. Bargaining power of suppliers †¢Bargaining power of the tobacco leaf growers are low. Since subsidiary companies operate leaf growing programs through which they provide direct agronomy support to farmers if it is not otherwise available. So CTC has the direct control over the leaf growers. Even though the import option is als o available bargaining power of international suppliers also high due to huge demand worldwide. †¢When it comes to the tobacco leafs there exists low presents of substitutes. Threats of substitute †¢Threats of substitute are low †¢Herbal cigarettes, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis, Nicotine Patches, Nicotine Gums, Nicotine inhalers are among the substitutes. †¢Since high impose of the regulations and taxes, increasing number of illicit cigarettes can be seen. Rivalry Among competitors †¢There is low concentration of companies therefore competition is very low, the fact that there is heavy branding and brand loyalty supports this. In fact CTC is playing the monopolistic role where it enjoys the abnormal profits with the high market share. 2. The Private and Social Costs of Smoking Smoking creates a difference between private and social costs and benefits. Cigarette consumers derive private benefit from smoking and their habit entails a private cost. But the act of consumption creates negative externalities so that the social cost of exceeds the private cost. It is unlikely the smokers consider the external costs they are creating when they ar e lighting up. Smoker may also suffer from the information failure. So that they are not fully aware of the long term damage created by their smoking habit. That is they are over estimating the private benefit that they get from smoking. If smokers fail to consider the externalities they generate then market failure will occur which will lead to loss of social welfare. Because of the impact on human life, many of these externalities are impossible to value accurately in monetary terms. 2. 1. 1Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking If you consider the private consumption costs as follows, A 20 a day smoker will spend about Rs. 131400 year on cigarettes. People on low income spend proportionally more of their income on tobacco than wealthier people. Cigarettes are products with negative income elasticity of demand. So the health costs to the private consumer is about half of all regular cigarette smokers will be eventually killed by their habit from lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and heart disease. Increased health insurance costs with high premiums for smokers. Costs to the national health system of treating smoking related diseases are very high. Smoking itself is regarded as a major source of health inequalities. Lost output/productivity from working days lost and absenteeism caused by smoking related illnesses. Increased pressure on the welfare state/benefits system to finance those unable to work because of long term illness, plus the benefits paid to dependents of those who die young. Costs created by household fires linked to smoking. Cigarettes are major source of street litter and it will create cleaning and building maintenance costs dramatically. 2. 1. 2Explaining the Market Failure Consumption of cigarettes creates external costs. Therefore the social cost exceeds private cost. Private optimum is where marginal private cost (the cost of an extra unit consumed) equates with the marginal private benefit (the satisfaction from an extra unit). Social optimum takes into account the social cost. Without intervention, the self interest of smokers will lead to cigarettes being over consumed and under priced by the market. So without a marker for pollution smokers can continue to pollute without penalty. Following figure 1 illustrates the market failure due to smoking. Figure 1: Illustrating market failure 3. 0Taxation and Regulations If cigarettes and other related products are classified as demerit goods then market failure can occur. In this case there is an economic rationale for some form of government intervention in market mechanism. Different intervention strategies are possible as follows, †¢Use of Taxation of cigarettes products. †¢Command and control through regulation. †¢Education Health awareness to alter demand. †¢Increase government spending on behavioral treatments and pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement and non-nicotine medications) in order to reduce tobacco dependence. In each case we need to consider the effectiveness of each form of intervention, related issue of equity (fairness) to different groups. 3. 1Command and Control of the industry Sri Lanka has the highest tobacco taxes in the Asian region. Over 80% of the final retail price is tax (VAT, green taxes and excise duty). The average tax composition in other nations is around 55 percent. The aim of higher taxation is to increase the real cost of purchasing and consumer cigarettes. Higher prices should control demand by reducing the real incomes of cigarette smokers and increasing the opportunity cost of continuing to smoke. Lower consumption rates reduce output towards the social optimum reducing the extent of market failure. Taxation is also justified on the grounds of making the polluter pay for the external costs that are created. Extra revenue from taxation can be used to find improvements in the health care (e. g. the concept of an ear-marked tax) Can impose following regulations, †¢Legal restriction on consumption. oBanning smoking in all sort of public places †¢Legal bans on the importation of cigarettes in Sri Lanka. †¢Health and safety at work act oIncluding an obligation on employers to protect. Employees from passive smoking. Creating separate smoking areas in the work place. †¢Regulation on tobacco products labeling. †¢Legal restriction on advertisement. Banning direct advertisement on public media such as TV, radio, print media, internet etc. Even there is a ban on indirect advertisement such as sponsoring sports like cricket Benson Hedges tournament. Government directives †¢Sets maximum upper limit of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide for cigarettes sold. †¢Health warnings must occupy at least 30% of the front surface of the pack and 40% of rear. †¢Directive bans words such as light or mild as part of a brand name. †¢Taxes on cigarettes should represent a minimum of 80% of the final retail price. Formulation of Government Policies †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœMahinda Chinthanya’ is the good example as it addresses ways and means to reduce cigarette consumption by 2012 under ‘Mathata Thithak’ programme. 3. 2Indirect Taxes and Price Elasticity of Demand Figure 2: Indirect taxes price elasticity of demand The figure 2 shows the impact of increases in tax depends on the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes. Price elasticity (responsiveness) will vary across different groups of consumers that are younger and older smokers, males and females. 4. 0Problems and Future Forecast 4. 1Problems Demand tends to be price inelastic therefore high rates of taxation are required to alter demand to any great extent. The burden of the tax tends to fall most on low income consumers suggesting that cigarette taxes are regressive. As the real value of taxation rises, so too does the incentive to smuggle in cheaper imports leading to increases tax evasion. People are motivated to use inferior quality products due to high price of legal products. The tobacco industry point to the many thousands of jobs at risk in tobacco manufacturing, distribution and retailing that might be lost if taxation reaches a penal rate. Education and health awareness campaigns: Market failure can be caused by information failure. Consumers may be unaware of the short and longer term health risks associated with smoking. If education and health awareness programs are effective, some consumers may revise their estimated benefit from consumers may revise their estimated benefit from consumption. Information shocks such as the publication of research studies with significant new information on the health effects of smoking, and health warnings have the effect of reducing demand. Following figure 3 shows this effect more clearly. Figure 3: Reduce of demand with the health awareness 4. 2Future Forecast Even though tobacco industry in Sri Lanka will face increasing higher tax rates and regulations with other nongovernmental pressure groups, the industry is still very profitable despite current regulations. Also, there are other very promising markets such as Africa, Asia and East Europe. However, there will be a question mark on the future of the tobacco industry if these markets also start restricting tobacco sales. It is also known that global and local cigarettes demands are declining as a whole specially in urban markets. 5. 0Recommendations The image of the tobacco company is very important since they are dealing with the very controversial product. It is a well know marketing fact that a companys image plays a vital role in marketing its products. It is well known that there are various ill effects associated with tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the tobacco industry is banned from direct promotions through various media. Therefore, it is important to such companies to find alternative ways to increase their market share. Due to this reason Tobacco Companies can take the following measures to enhance their public image. †¢Can conducted best agro practices with the Ministry of Agriculture †¢Can donated funds to be used to for the benefit of the flood victims Tsunami house reconstructions. †¢Can sponsored the National Quality Awards and Productivity Awards †¢Can contribute to develop rural information communication (ICT) infrastructure by building Information Technology centers. †¢Can back up the artists exhibiting or supporting a book publication Investigate on possibility to develop new types of cigarettes, which actually do not have any medical implications while providing the relevant satisfaction to the smoker. That is potential non smoking safe nicotine sources. More than six percent of the total production of tobacco is smuggled causing losses in revenue and taxes, it might be necessary to form a strategic alliance with the local governments to combat this issue. Ultimately tobacco companies should work to increase the market share since the overall decline in the tobacco market. They should be competitive on quality and price and deliver what the customer demands. They could incorporate good management practices in the reduction of cost. One of the major tasks of companies is to drive productivity (good management practices in the reduction of cost). The three pillars that we work on in order to do this are concentrating on both acquisitive and organic growth, productivity and responsibility because we are marketing a controversial product. Increase advertisements in growing markets in other regions where there are no heavy regulations and restrictions on tobacco industry. Can use more subliminal advertisement in movies. Industry can continue using colored packaging that is each brand has its own color like Benson Hedges are doing advertising indirectly; Gold Leaf is selling in red colored packages. The tobacco industry can also use other products like clothes shoes and caps carrying the brand names of the companies. Smokers Clubs: Companies can sponsor pipe and cigar smokers clubs. This will consist of reserving special times for the clubs to meet and affording them the chance to sample new tobaccos and cigars. This will provide them with a unique opportunity to draw in these high-end customers as there are no such clubs in the metro area. Newsletter: A bi-monthly newsletter can be sent out to interested customers. This newsletter will provide details on new magazines and tobacco products as well as special promotions. For example CTS’s Social Report. New Product Announcements Postcards announcing new additions and features will be mailed out to interested customers as a supplement to the newsletter. It is highly likely that smokers already pay the social cost of smoking given the high level of current tax. Therefore the best argument for increasing taxes is the normative judgment that smoking is bad for people and the government should intervene to reduce demand. In Sri Lanka, BAT has promoted its brands by sponsoring lavish discos at which young, attractive women (called golden girls) work the crowd, handing out cigarettes and encouraging customers to smoke them. Numerous door prizes are given away: key rings, shirts, caps, etc. While young Sri Lankans groove to the latest dance music, a laser light writes Benson Hedges on the walls. BAT also sponsors pop music magazines and rock groups in Sri Lanka, and manages to skirt a ban on cigarette advertising on the radio by underwriting a Golden Tones Contest on the English-language radio station that has a large teen audience. When indirect methods of sports and entertainment sponsorship do not seem to be enough, the companies can always use more direct appeals. In Kandy, Sri Lankas second largest city, BAT has paid to paint the logo of one of its most popular brands on the front wall of a prestigious girls high school and the scoreboard of an exclusive boys high school. BAT also hires young women (at five times the average salary of a university graduate) to drive around the country in bright red Gold Leaf cars and jeeps, giving out free cigarettes and promotional items on college campuses, shopping malls and other places where young people gather.

The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines

Table of Contents Introduction Informed consent Assessment of risks and benefits Selection of subjects Conclusion Reference List Introduction Belmont report has in a great deal helped in establishing ethical guidelines for conducting research and experimentation in several spheres. It has helped in formulation of ethical principles and guidelines that have helped in protection of human subjects who have taken part in research (National Institutes of Health, 1979).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It cannot be denied that scientific research has its inherent social benefits but it has to be noted that some disturbing ethical questions have been raised by these researches (Commission for Protection of Human subjects, 1979). There have been issues related to abuse of human subjects especially after World War II when biomedical e xperiments were conducted on prisoners in concentration camps. There was not for these experiments to be done in an ethical manner. This research will discuss the role Belmont Report has played in establishing ethical guidelines for conducting research and experimentation. Informed consent Belmont report expressly reiterates that subjects who take part in research have to consent to take part in that particular research. The consent has to be informed. Subjects have to be in the know of what is to become of them as participants. This is only possible when certain conditions are satisfied. There are three elements of consent namely information, comprehension, and voluntariness. Subjects have right to know the purpose of the research, the procedure that is involved, the inherent risks and benefits, and where therapy is involved, an alternative procedure that will be involved. Subjects must be accorded opportunity to ask question and withdraw from research when they feel like. Likewise , the subjects have to fully comprehend the manner and context of the information conveyed. Information should not be divulged in disorganized and rapid fashion. A subject’s consent to participate in a research activity can only valid if they do so voluntarily. Subjects should not be coerced or influenced unduly. Usage of overt threat is unethical as it amounts to coercion. Subjects should also not be inappropriately rewarded as this amount to undue influence. Assessment of risks and benefits Investigators have to ensure that proposed research is properly designed. Assessment of risks and benefits helps the review committee to determine if risks the subjects are presented with are justified.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment of risks and benefits helps the subjects in determining whether they should participate in a study or not. It is pertinent that the nature and scope of the risks involved are ascertained to help subjects know if the risks and benefits are favorable. It is imperative that risks and effects that directly impact the research subject is given much attention. Risks and benefits must be systematically assessed so that a balance is arrived at (Kiefer, 2001). In assessment of justifiability of research, aspects touching on brutality or inhuman treatment of subjects should not be deemed morally justified. When vulnerable populations are involved in a research, it is imperative that a demonstration be made as to why they have to be involved. Selection of subjects Selection of subjects to take part in a research should take into consideration fair procedures and outcomes. Individual justice in selection of subjects requires that fairness be involved. Potentially beneficial researches should not be a preserve of a particular group of subjects. Social justice demands that a distinction be made between subjects that should or should not take part in research. Using this criterion, classes of subjects like the adults, and children do arise. On this basis preference may be given to children or adults. Conclusion Ethics demand that subjects taking part in research are adequately informed about what the research is all about. Moreover, they have to be informed about the risks and the benefits involved. Finally, the selection of subjects should integrate aspects of individual justice and social justice. Reference List National Institutes of Health. (1979). The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Retrieved from https://ohsr.od.nih.gov/ Kiefer, J. (2001). The History and Importance of Informed Consent in Clinical Trials. Retrieved from https://serendipstudio.org/biology/b103/f01/web2/kiefer.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). Regulations and Ethical Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. This essay on The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines was written and submitted by user Carleigh Howell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Intro to Afro-American Studies I Afro-005 Essays - Americas

Intro to Afro-American Studies I Afro-005 Essays - Americas Intro to Afro-American Studies I Afro-005 Dr. Gregory Carr March 7, 2017 What are some of the similarities and differences in practices of self- determination of Africans in the U.S. and their counterparts throughout the hemisphere? Abstract: Africans in the United States and Africans in the Western Hemisphere both practiced self-det ermination. Practices of self-d etermination came in different forms such as marronage and quilombismo , as a means to bring African people together, forming allegiances. Self-determination also came in the form of various techniques of resistance. Having learned techniques of resistance, Africans emerged as a power ful unity and started to resist enslavement. Realizing tha t if they were going to overpower the system of enslavem ent they first had to terminate "dominating social structure", the Africans began their journey in terminating the identity that were given to them and began creating an identity for their selves. Critical Review of Scholarship: Several books as well as class discussions were used as aids to answer this question. One book was Black Movements in American by Cedric Robinson. This book discusses how African people practiced self-determination in many ways and depending on social structure and were able to find themselves. Also discussed in this book is how Black people have been trying to resist slavery. A second book used was the Atlas of African-American History and Politics: From the Slave Trade to Modern Times. This book not only served as a visual, but also talked about the Africans' reasoning behind joining the American Revolution and gave intensive information of Africans' struggle for freedom in United States and throughout the hemisphere. Other evidence that serves as an aid in answering this question are the class discussions led by Dr. Carr. Discussion: To begin, we first define what self-determination is. Self-determination is "a characteristic of a person that leads them to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences and interests, to monitor and regulate their own actions and to be goal-oriented and self-directing". As the self-determination of the Africans strengthened, the vision of their ultimate goal, freedom, grew. No matter what their plans were or how they differed, the end game was always freedom and a chance to create an identity for their selves. As stated in Black Movements in America, "Resistance among the slaves and bonded laborers assumed various appearances: appeals to the court, physical violence, flight, and rebelliousness,". One method used by the Africans to gain freedom was to fight in the American Revolution. However, there were Africans fighting on both sides. As stated in the Atlas of African-American History and Politics, while over 5,000 free blacks served in the Continental Army, there were an equal number of free and runaway black slaves fighting in the British Army. Though they chose to fight on different sides, the goal was still freedom. Another technique used by the Africans to gain freedom through self-determination was to rebel. A great example is the Haitian Revolution, one of the most violent and successful slave revolts of America. It was said that the revolts were very organized. In fact they were so organized that in 1793 the French government, who ruled the island at that time, abolished slavery on the island. Haiti eventually gained its independence in 1804 through consistent rebellions. This shows the level of dedication and self-determination that the Africans in Haiti had. In a class discussion we spoke about a lady named Ona (Oney) Judge. Judge's technique of self-determination and resistance was one more on the nonviolent side. Ona was a slave for George Washington and his wife. She used the law, oddly enough, to gain her freedom. She escaped to New Hampshire, where by law she was technically free. George Washington was unsuccessfully at having her returned to his plantation. In another class discussion we spoke about marronage. Marronage (maroons) is refers to people who escaped slavery, and created independent groups and communities on the outskirts of slave societies. This was another form of a nonviolent technique used by the Africans to gain their freedom. Further Questions: In my attempt to answer the question of what are some of the similarities and differences in practices of self- determination of Africans in the U.S. and

Free will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Free will - Essay Example For a human being, true exercise of ‘free will’ is associated with multiple determinants such as physical/causal, psychological, biological and theological, which affect the decision for the ultimate action (Timothy, 2011). Personal, moral and societal constraints may thus affect the true exercise of free will. Free will has also been associated with the concept of moral responsibility for one’s actions by most philosophers’, who have commented on the topic in history, shifting the onus to the individual being wholly responsible for taking an informed and educated decision when confronted with a peculiar situation or aspect of life (Timothy, 2011). However, there have been contentious issues on understanding the concept of ‘free will’ as philosophers agree, and at the same time disagree on its relationship with determinism (Vargas, 2006). Some philosophers believe that the two are compatible, while others’ swear to the contrary.